This article is part of the series Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communication Systems: Theory and Applications.

Open Access Research Article

Comparison of OQPSK and CPM for Communications at 60 GHz with a Nonideal Front End

Jimmy Nsenga1,2*, Wim Van Thillo1,2, François Horlin1, André Bourdoux1 and Rudy Lauwereins1,2

Author Affiliations

1 IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven 3001, Belgium

2 Departement Elektrotechniek ‐ ESAT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Leuven 3001, Belgium

For all author emails, please log on.

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2007, 2007:086206 doi:10.1155/2007/86206


The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://jwcn.eurasipjournals.com/content/2007/1/086206


Received:4 May 2006
Revisions received:14 November 2006
Accepted:3 January 2007
Published:15 March 2007

© 2007 Nsenga et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Short-range digital communications at 60 GHz have recently received a lot of interest because of the huge bandwidth available at those frequencies. The capacity offered to the users could finally reach 2 Gbps, enabling the deployment of new multimedia applications. However, the design of analog components is critical, leading to a possible high nonideality of the front end (FE). The goal of this paper is to compare the suitability of two different air interfaces characterized by a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) to support communications at 60 GHz. On one hand, we study the offset-QPSK (OQPSK) modulation combined with a channel frequency-domain equalization (FDE). On the other hand, we study the class of continuous phase modulations (CPM) combined with a channel time-domain equalizer (TDE). We evaluate their performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) considering a typical indoor propagation environment at 60 GHz. For both air interfaces, we analyze the degradation caused by the phase noise (PN) coming from the local oscillators; and by the clipping and quantization errors caused by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC); and finally by the nonlinearity in the PA.

References

  2. BM Motlagh, SE Gunnarsson, M Ferndahl, H Zirath, Fully integrated 60-GHz single-ended resistive mixer in 90-nm CMOS technology. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 16(1), 25–27 (2006)

  3. PFM Smulders, AG Wagemans, Wide-band measurements of MM-wave indoor radio channels. Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC '92), October 1992, Boston, Mass, USA, 329–333

  4. H Yang, PFM Smulders, MHAJ Herben, Frequency selectivity of 60-GHz LOS and NLOS indoor radio channels. Proceedings of the 63rd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC '06), May 2006, Melbourne, Australia 6, 2727–2731

  5. D Falconer, SL Ariyavisitakul, A Benyamin-Seeyar, B Eidson, Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems. IEEE Communications Magazine 40(4), 58–66 (2002). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  6. C-E Sundberg, Continuous phase modulation. IEEE Communications Magazine 24(4), 25–38 (1986)

  7. PA Laurent, Exact and approximate construction of digital phase modulations by superposition of amplitude modulated pulses (AMP). IEEE Transactions on Communications 34(2), 150–160 (1986). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  8. BE Rimoldi, Decomposition approach to CPM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 34(2), 260–270 (1988). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  9. P Smulders, Exploiting the 60 GHz band for local wireless multimedia access: prospects and future directions. IEEE Communications Magazine 40(1), 140–147 (2002). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  10. CR Anderson, TS Rappaport, In-building wideband partition loss measurements at 2.5 and 60 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 3(3), 922–928 (2004). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  11. PFM Smulders, LM Correia, Characterisation of propagation in 60 GHz radio channels. Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal 9(2), 73–80 (1997). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  12. R Davies, M Bensebti, MA Beach, JP McGeehan, Wireless propagation measurements in indoor multipath environments at 1.7 GHz and 60 GHz for small cell systems. Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC '91), May 1991, St. Louis, Mo, USA, 589–593

  13. PFM Smulders, GJAP Vervuurt, Influence of antenna radiation patterns on MM-wave indoor radio channels . Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Universal Personal Communications, October 1993, Ottawa, Ont, Canada 2, 631–635

  14. AAM Saleh, RA Valenzuela, Statistical model for indoor multipath propagation. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 5(2), 128–137 (1987)

  15. J-H Park, Y Kim, Y-S Hur, K Lim, K-H Kim, Analysis of 60 GHz band indoor wireless channels with channel configurations. Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC '98), September 1998, Boston, Mass, USA 2, 617–620

  16. A Bourdoux, J Liu, Transceiver nonidealities in multiantenna systems. Smart Antennas—State of the Art (Hindawi, New York, NY, USA, 2005), pp. 651–682 chapter 3 PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  17. D Dardari, Exact analysis of joint clipping and quantization effects in high speed WLAN receivers. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC '03), May 2003, Anchorage, Alaska, USA 5, 3487–3492

  18. M Engels, Wireless OFDM Systems: How to Make Them Work? (Kluwer Academic, Norwell, Mass, USA, 2002)

  19. C Cao, KO Kenneth, Millimeter-wave voltage-controlled oscillators in 0.13-/spl /m CMOS technology. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 41(6), 1297–1304 (2006). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  20. LW Couch II., Digital and Analog Communication Systems, h (Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2001)

  21. Z Wang, GB Giannakis, Wireless multicarrier communications. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 17(3), 29–48 (2000). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  22. F Horlin, L Vandendorpe, A comparison between chip fractional and non-fractional sampling for a direct sequence CDMA receiver. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 50(7), 1713–1723 (2002). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  23. A Klein, GK Kaleh, PW Baier, Zero forcing and minimum mean-square-error equalization for multiuser detection in code-division multiple-access channels. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 45(2), 276–287 (1996). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  24. N Al-Dhahir, G Saulnier, A high-performance reduced-complexity GMSK demodulator. IEEE Transactions on Communications 46(11), 1409–1412 (1998). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  25. K Murota, K Hirade, GMSK modulation for digital mobile radio telephony. IEEE Transactions on Communications Systems 29(7), 1044–1050 (1981). Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  26. JG Proakis, Digital Communications, h (McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass, USA, 2001)

  27. GK Kaleh, Simple coherent receivers for partial response continuous phase modulation. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 7(9), 1427–1436 (1989). Publisher Full Text OpenURL